Molokini is more than just a snorkeling spot; it is a geological marvel with a rich and sometimes surprising history. This crescent-shaped island tells a story of volcanic power, military utility, and ultimately, dedicated conservation.
Molokini is the partially submerged remains of an ancient volcanic cinder cone. It formed approximately 230,000 years ago during the Pleistocene epoch. The islet covers about 18 acres and rises 160 feet above sea level at its highest point.
The unique "C" shape was created when the northern rim of the crater collapsed or eroded below sea level, allowing the Pacific Ocean to flood the interior. This created a shallow, protected lagoon that is now world-famous for its clarity and biodiversity.
According to Hawaiian mythology, Molokini was a beautiful woman. She and the fire goddess Pele fell in love with the same prince. In a fit of jealousy, Pele cut the woman in half and turned her into stone. Her head is said to be Puʻu Olai (the cinder cone at Makena Beach) and her body is the crescent of Molokini.
A little-known fact about Molokini is its role during World War II. Because its shape resembles a ship from the air, the United States Navy used Molokini as a target for bombing and shell practice. To this day, the crater's surface still bears the scars of these exercises.
For many years after the war, unexploded ordnance remained on the crater. A massive cleanup effort in the 1970s and 80s cleared the area, though visitors are still strictly prohibited from landing on the islet due to its status as a seabird sanctuary and the potential for remaining historic artifacts.
In 1977, recognizing the incredible biodiversity and fragility of the reef, the state of Hawaii designated Molokini as a Marine Life Conservation District. This protection extends to the seabirds that nest on the crater's surface, including the Wedgetailed Shearwater and Bulwer's Petrel.